The infratemporal fossa has the following boundaries figure 211a. Pterygopalatine fossa at arizona state university west. Its boundaries are formed by the following structures. Anterior ethmoidal nerve from v1, sensory innervation to anterior region several smaller branches off this nerve. Nasal cavity and pterygopalatine fossa questions and study. Dentists who wish to completely block v2 often use the intraoral approach of injecting an anesthetic agent into the pterygopalatine fossa via the greater palatine foramen and canal. It connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa. Infratemporal fossa, temporomandibular joint, and pterygopalatine fossa.
Temporal, infratemporal, pterygopalatine fossa anatomy ant. Located in the pterygopalatine fossa, posterior to the middle turbinate, the sphenopalatine i. As endoscopic sinus surgery ess has progressed over the last 10 years, new techniques have been introduced to aid with the resection of tumors in regions which traditionally have been difficult to access. It is quite important as it is a neurovascular crossroad of the nasal cavity, masticator space, orbit. The fossa is located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity, close to the orbital apex. Angled needle is advanced 2530 mm up the greater palatine canal and an anesthetic solution is injected, flooding the pterygopalatine fossa sounds about as fun. Mar 17, 2016 pterygopalatine ganglion the pterygopalatine ganglion ganglion pterygopalatinum, meckels ganglion, nasal ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa. Pterygopalatine definition of pterygopalatine by the. Infratemporal fossa, temporomandibular joint, and pterygopalatine fossa 2nd ed. Anatomy of pterygopalatine fossa, infra temporal space. Contents the major structures of the fossa are the maxillary artery, accompanying veins pterygopalatine ganglion, and maxillary. The borders of the pterygopalatine fossa are formed by the palatine, maxilla and sphenoid bones.
The pterygopalatine nerves or sphenopalatine branches, two in number, descend to the pterygopalatine ganglion although it is closely related to the pterygopalatine ganglion, it is still considered a branch of the maxillary nerve and does not synapse in the ganglion it is found in the pterygopalatine fossa additional images. Jennifer bruecknercollins discusses carlos machado, mds painting of the pterygopalatine fossa, one of several editor discussion videos included with the new 6th edition of dr. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is an important anatomic location of the deep portion of the face. Pterygopalatine foramen definition of pterygopalatine.
Anesthetizing the maxillary nerve at the pterygopalatine fossa, where the nerve enters the infraorbital canal to become the infraorbital nerve, desensitizes all the ipsilateral dental structures of the maxilla and premaxilla, the paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity. Jennifer bruecknercollins discusses carlos machado, mds painting of the pterygopalatine fossa, one of several editor discussion videos included with the new 6th edition of. It is located deep to the masseter muscle and zygomatic arch to which the masseter attaches. This article describes the anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and space, including its contents and gateways.
The anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and its connecting fissures and foramina are illustrated by photographs, drawings and ct images. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a coneshaped depression deep to the. The pterygomaxillary fissure is a triangular shaped lateral opening of pterygopalatine fossa. Boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa the pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit, and face figure 221a and b. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 70,480 views. In the pterygopalatine fossa the pterygopalatine ganglion is suspended from the maxillary nerve by 2 roots. Its borders are then defined by a base, a vertex, and four walls. Pterygopalatine ganglion medical definition merriamwebster.
The flow of blood to the nasal mucosa, in particular the venous plexus of the conchae, is regulated by the pterygopalatine ganglion and heats or cools the air in the nose. The face, scalp, infratemporal fossa, and pterygopalatine fossa the dissection of the head is foremost a dissection of the course and distribution of the cranial nerves and the branches of the external carotid artery. Anatomy of pterygopalatine fossa, infra temporal space slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Each fossa is a coneshaped paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull, located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity close to the apex of the orbit. Oncologic surgery of the pterygopalantine fossa and adjacent structures. Pterygopalatine fossa wikimili, the free encyclopedia. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a critical neurovascular crossroad of the deep portion of the face and a common site for direct invasion and perineural spread of disease. The neurovascular structures enter and exit the fossa through the following boundaries. Pdf squamous cell carcinoma of the pterygopalatine fossa. To anesthetize the maxillary nerve at the pterygopalatine fossa, the point of a 20 to 22gauge, 3. It communicates via canals, fissures, and foramina with various regions of the skull. The infratemporal fossa accommodates the insertion of the temporalis muscle, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, mandibular nerve cranial nerve cn v3, otic ganglion, chorda tympani nerve, maxillary artery, and the pterygoid plexus of the veins. These branches supply much of the nasal cavity, the roof of the oral cavity, and all upper teeth.
A human skull contains two pterygopalatine fossaeone on the left side, and another on the right side. The infratemporal fossa is the region deep to the ramus of the mandible. Pterygopalatine fossa is a pyramidal space located deep to infratemporal fossa and below the apex of orbit. The pterygopalatine ganglion aka meckels ganglion, nasal ganglion or sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa. Objective to describe an endoscopic transnasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa ppf. Aug 15, 2016 pterygopalatine fossa 1overview and topographic anatomy general information pyramidshaped fossa on the lateral aspect of the skull between the maxillas infratemporal surface and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid contains major nerves and blood vessels that supply the nasal cavity, upper jaw, hard palate, and soft palate. Surgical anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa volume 89 issue 1 robert t. In order to analyze each pterygopalatine fossa and canal separately, the lateral skull roentgenogram should be obtained with the head rotated 10 away from the true lateral. It is known as a major neurovascular crossroad between the orbit, the nasal cavity, the nasopharynx, the oral cavity, the infratemporal fossa, and the cranial fossa. Study 77 temporal, infratemporal, pterygopalatine fossa flashcards from adrian k. The pterygopalatine fossa is a wellprotected region of the skull base and surgical access for resection of tumors growing in this region can be challenging. The anterior wall is formed by the posterior surface of the maxilla the medial wall is formed by the lateral surface of the palatine bone the posterior wall and roof are formed by parts of the sphenoid bone.
The infratemporal fossa borders contents teachmeanatomy. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, sapien platea morbi dolor lacus nunc, nunc ullamcorper. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. It connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa borders. It is largely innervated by the greater petrosal nerve a branch of the facial nerve. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf, less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly and inferior to the orbital. Each fossa is a coneshaped paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull, located between the pterygoid process and. Situated between the maxilla, sphenoid, and palatine bones. The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve cn v enters the fossa from behind, through the foramen rotundum, and the pterygoid nerve enters the fossa via the pterygoid canal. The pterygopalatine fossa is a depression or hollow in the human skull that is named for its location at the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The pterygopalatine fossa is an important space because it communicates with the middle cranial fossa, orbit, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, foramen lacerum, and the infratemporal fossa via. Computed tomographic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa. Pterygopalatine definition of pterygopalatine by the free.
Postganglionic cell bodies are in the pterygopalatine ganglion and postganglionic fibers travel with branches of v2 to distribute to nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The walls of the pterygopalatine fossa are formed by. The pterygopalatine fossa can be assimilated to an inverted squarebased pyramid. In human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa is a fossa in the skull. It is located in the medial aspect of the temporal fossa and is formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. In the pterygopalatine fossa anterior to the pterygopalatine ganglion gives origin to branches that accompany branches of the maxillary nerve v2 and the pterygopalatine ganglion. The pterygopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa. The maxillary nerve produces the following branches. Anterior to the mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone. Surgical anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa the journal of. Head and neck gross anatomy, medical animation duration. Pterygopalatine fossa an overview sciencedirect topics.
All of the cranial nerves and many blood vessels pass through openings in the skull. Tumor involvement of the ppf has important treatment and prognostic implications 46. Due to its inherent complex location and connections, it can potentially act as a. The lateral wall faces directly into the infratemporal fossa, and the boundary between the two regions is.
A wingedshaped feature consisting of laminae called the medial pterygoid plate and the lateral pterygoid plate, the pterygoid process forms the fossa s posterior border with its front surface. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. J pterygopalatine fossa questions and study guide quizlet. Pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity at geisel school of. The walls of the pterygopalatine fossa are as follows. The fossa is closely associated with both the pterygopalatine fossa, via the pterygomaxillary fissure, and also communicates with the temporal fossa, which lies superiorly figure 1. Overview of the pterygopalatine fossa print section listen big picture the pterygopalatine fossa is the region between the pterygomaxillary fissure and the nasal cavity. This space communicates with both the nasal and oral cavities, the infratemporal fossa, the orbit, the pharynx, and the middle cranial. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is an obscure but important space in the deep face that needs to be evaluated very carefully in the realm of head and neck imaging, since a myriad of infective, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions can affect it.
The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is an elongated coneshaped narrow space, lying behind the maxillary sinus. Felis aliquet egestas vitae, nibh ante quis quis dolor sed mauris. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a coneshaped depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on both sides of the skull. Other articles where pterygopalatine ganglion is discussed. The pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit, and face figure 221a and b.
Familiarity with the appearance of the fossa and related connections is necessary for early detection of tumor extension. The pterygopalatine fossa ppf is a small, clinically inaccessible, fatfilled space located in the deep face that serves as a major neurovascular crossroad between the oral cavity, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, orbit, masticator space, and the middle cranial fossa. Pterygomaxillary fissure radiology reference article. It is the indented area medial to the pterygomaxillary fissure leading into the. The pterygopalatine fossa is an irregular space where neurovascular structures course through to the nasal cavity, palate, pharynx, orbit and face figure 221a and b.
The pterygopalatine fossa ppf, less commonly known as the sphenopalatine fossa, is a small but complex space of the deep face in the shape of an inverted pyramid located between the maxillary bone anteriorly, the pterygoid process posteriorly and inferior to the orbital apex. Patients one patient presented with an asymptomatic ppf schwannoma. It is formed by parts of sphenoid bone, maxilla and palatine bone and communicates with nasal cavity, oral cavity, orbit, infratemporal fossa and middle cranial fossa 2 boundaries. The ganglion, a triangular structure 5 mm in diameter, is covered by a layer of connective tissue and mucous membrane that is 1 to. The pterygomaxillary fissure is a triangular shaped lateral opening of pterygopalatine fossa gross anatomy. Name the structures that form the boundaries of pterygopalatine fossa. Lateral to the pterygoid plate and the pterygomaxillary fissure a communication between the infratemporal fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine fossa contains the pterygopalatine ganglion. The pterygopalatine fossa is an inverted pyramidalshaped, fatfilled space located on the lateral side of the skull, between the infratemporal fossa and the nasopharynx. Request pdf pterygopalatine fossa although the pterygopalatine fossa is a small compartment hidden. Following facial trauma, angulation or interruption of the pterygopalatine fossa and canal indicates fractures through the maxilla going as far posteriorly as the. Pterygopalatine ganglion definition of pterygopalatine. The infratemporal fossa can be said to have a wedge shape.
Respiratory system anatomy lecture 4 2 anatomical structure and boundaries the pterygopalatine fossa is an inverted tear drop shaped space. Benign tumors involving the infratemporal fossa always respect these boundaries and expand in the direction of soft tissue planes, or follow preexistant pathways and foramen described above. Medical definition of pterygopalatine fossa merriamwebster. Its main contents are the maxillary artery and maxillary nerve. The pterygopalatine fossa is an important neurovascular crossroad of the head and neck, communicating. The pterygopalatine fossa contains the pterygopalatine ganglion suspended by nerve roots from the maxillary nerve. The fossa accommodates branches of the maxillary nerve cranial nerve cn v2, the pterygopalatine ganglion, and the terminal branches of the maxillary artery. Given its inherent complex location and connections. The pterygopalatine fossa is a coneshaped space in the medial continuation of the infratemporal fossa. Clinically, it is an important region with several inputs distal maxillary artery, nerve of the pterygoid canal vidian nerve, and maxillary division of the. Endoscopic transnasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa. The pterygopalatine fossa is a small, wedgeshaped space posteromedial to the maxilla, anterior to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, and inferior to the apex of the orbit. Boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa the pterygopalatine fossa. Oncologic surgery of the pterygopalantine fossa and.
Pterygopalatine fossa dr yuranga weerakkody and dr behrang amini et al. The pterygopalatine fossa is a relatively inaccessible location that lies in the deep face and thus, is a traditionally difficult area for health science students to conceptualize and comprehend. Maxillary bone forms its anterior wall the lateral surface of the palatine bone forms the medial wall the sphenoid bone particularly the pterygoid plate forms the. Its size varies depending on the development of the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses and is approximately 2 cm in height and 1 cm at the base. It is largely innervated by the greater petrosal nerve.
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